world history part 9
Bismark is known as the ‘Iron man of Germany’
His policy was known as ‘Blood and Iron Policy’.
‘Customs Union’ was an organisation which supported German unification indirectly.
Bismark is known as ‘Iron Chancellor’.
Nazism in Germany
was a German form of
Fascism in Italy.
Adolf Hitler (1889-
1945) was the leader
of the Nazi Party in
Germany. He was
known as the Fuehrer
(Leader). Hittler was
born in Austria in
1889.
National Socialist German Workers Party founded
in 1920 was known as Nazi Party.
Nazi Party wanted the exclusion of Jews from
German citizenship.
The supporters of Nazi Party were known as Sturn
Abteilung or ‘Brown Shirts’.
Hitler became the head of Nazi Party in 1923.
Hitler wrote his autobiography ‘‘Mein Kampf’’
(My Struggle) while he was in Jail.
Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on 30
January 1933.
In 1935 under the Nuremberg Law German Jews
were deprived of their citizenship.
Hitler became the President of Germany in 1934
when Hindenburg died.
Secret Police force of Hitler was known as
‘Gustapo’.
Hitler committed suicide along with his wife Iva
Brown after the failure of Second World War in
1945.
Bismark is known as the father of German integration and Helmet Kohl is known as father of German Unity. It was under Helmet Kohl that two
Germanies united in 1991.
In 2005 Angela Merckel became the first woman
Titles Persons
Fuehrer ...................................... Adolf Hitler
II Duke .......................................... Mussolini
Lady with the Lamp ..... Florence Nightingale
Maid of Orleans ......................... Joan of Arc
Maiden Queen ............................. Elizabeth I
Man of Blood and Iron .................... Bismark
Man of Destinig Little Corporal .....Napolean
Chancellor of Germany.
In 2006 June Germany decided to open up a huge
archive of Nazi records on Concentration camp
inmates.
Second World War (1939-45)
The Treaty of Versailles and the rise of the Nazi
Party in Germany were the main causes of the
war.
The Soviet German Non Aggression Pact was
signed on August 23, 1939.
Hitler’s armies invaded Polland on 1 September
1939.
On 3 Septmber 1939 Britain and France declared
war on Germany, thus began the Second World
War.
The Second World War was between The Axis
Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, USA etc)
The German plan of conquering Britain during
the Second World War was known as ‘Sea -
Lion’.
German attack on Russia during the war was
known as ‘Operation Barbosa’
When the Second World War broke out, the US
announced her neutrality.
In 7 December 1941, the Japanese bombers attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbour in
Hawai.
On 8 December 1941 US declared war on Japan.
Thus US formally entered the Second World War
Second World War became a Global war in 1941.
The first Atom Bomb was dropped in Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945 by America. This bomb is
known as ‘Little boy’’.
The second Atom Bomb was dropped in Nagasaki
on August 9, 1945 it is known as ‘fat man’.
The first country to surrender in the war was Italy
and last to surrender was Japan.
On 2 September 1945 Japan surrendered and the
Second World War ended.
The Axis powers lost the Second World War. This
war led to the foundation of UNO in 1945.
The UN Charter was signed at San Francisco on
26th June 1945 by fifty nations and UN came into
force on 24 October 1945.
The Nuremberg Trials were the trials of the major
war criminals of the Second World War. It began
on November 20, 1945.
Big Powers and Cold War
The United States of America, the Soviet Union,
Britain, France and China were regarded as the
big powers since the end of the Second World
War (1945). Among them, the United States and
the Soviet Union were the Super Powers.
There was much co-operation among the Big Powers during the War. But later there aroused mutual suspicion among them and Cold War began.
The Cold War was a war of words or ideologies
and of nerves. This Cold War created great international tension. The Cold War was announced
by Winston Churchill in his famous ‘‘iron curtain’’ speech at Fulton, Missourie in 1946.
The word ‘Cold War’ was first coined by
Bernard Baruch 1946.
The years 1945-47 are generally taken to mark the
beginning of the Cold War.
The first ‘shot’ of Cold War was fired by Winston
Churchill.
The US decision to intervene in the Greek Civil
War may be considered as formally ushering in of
the Cold War.
Revolutions
American war of Independence.................... 1776
Russian Revolution ...................................... 1917
French Revolution ....................................... 1789
Chinese Revolution ...................................... 1911
Communist Revolution in China................... 1949
Industrial Revolution .......... 1750-1850 (England)
Green Revolution in India ............................ 1964
The biggest crisis of the early stage of Cold War
was the Berlin Blockade which began in 1948.
The formation of North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation (NATO) in April 1949 was one of
the most important aspects of Cold War.
In 1954 the US brought most of the South East
Asian Countries under a common framework modelled on NATO called SEATO.
The Arab states formed CENTO in 1955. (Central
Treaty Oganisation)
The Cold War continued upto the collapse of Soviet Union in 1990.
HOTLINE is a telecommunication link established
since 1963 between the Kremlin (Moscow) and
White House (Washington DC, USA) to avoid
misunderstanding. Now ‘hotline’ means a direct
exclusive line of communication especially for an
emergency.
Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed under the Soviet Union against NATO in 1955.
Now Russia is in a more or less stable condition
under the Presidentship of Vladimir Putin.
Middle East Conflict
Israel Palestine conflict is popularly called
Middle-East Conflict. The conflict became worse
by the formation of Israel in Palestine in 1948. In
the battle that occured in 1948, Israel came out
victorious.
Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) was
formed in 1964 to defeat Israel.
In the 1967 Arab-Israel battle which lasted for six
days, Israel came out victorious
The Israel - Palestine Peace Treaty was signed
in 1994 and PLO supremo sworn in as the head of
PalestineNational Authority.
The historic Israel-PLO agreement was signed in
Washington on September 28, 1995. River Wye
Agreement was signed by Israel and Palestine
for solving the crisis.
Golan Height was a place captured by Israel from
Cyria in 1967
West Bank : This place was captured by Israel
from Jordan. As per the peace treaty of 1994 the
administrative authority of this place was given
to Palestine National Authority.
Gaza Strip is in the Egypt. It was captured by
Israel in the 1967 battle and as per the treaty of
1994 it was handed over to Palestine National
Authority.
Sinai Peninsula : This place was also captured
from Egypt in the 1967 war and handed over to
Palestine in 1982.
The official name of Israel is Medinat Israel.
Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages of
Israel.
The conflict reached a turning point with the election (January 2005) of
Mahmud Abbas as the new
Palestinian leader following
the death of Yassar Arafat.
In 2006 July-August Israel
invaded Labanon and tried to
destroy the so called extremist organisation Hisbulla led
by Sheik Hassan Nasrulla.
The Hamas lead coalition
won the general election in Palestine. But the Israel and EU blocked their financial assistance to
this country. Now it is in great financial crisis.
LATIN AMERICAN NATIONALISM
Countries to the south of USA are collectively
called Latin America.
Mexico, Central America, South America and the
Islands of West Indies are the major parts of Latin
America.
There are altogether 46 countries in Latin
America. 33 independent nations and 13 dependent countries.
Brazil is the largest Latin American country in
area and Population.
Spanish is the most widely spoken language in
Latin America.
Guarani is the language of Indian origin spoken
in Paragua.
Quechua is the Indian language in Peru.
Aymara is the Indian language Spoken in Bolivia.
Christopher Columbus was the first European to
a reach Latin America.
Francisco De Miranda (1750-1816) was one of
the most important leaders of Latin America. He
fought for the liberation of Venezuela and came
out victorious in 1910 and it proclaimed its independence in 1911.
Simon Bolivor (1783-1830) worked for the liberation of Columbia, Venezuela, Equador, Peru and
Bolivia. He is considered as the father of their
nation by all these countries. He is known as the
‘Liberator’ or ‘the Washington of South’.
San Martin (1778 - 1850) another famous Latin
American leader worked for the liberation of Argentina, Chili and Peru.
Brazil got independence from Spain in 1822.
Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959.
Due to health reason Cuban
President Fidel Castro
transferred his power temporarily to his brother Raul
Castro in September 2006.
Panama got the Panama Canal from US in 1999.
Panama Canal was opened
in 1914. Panama Canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Soccer (Football) is the most important game of
Latin American countries.
His policy was known as ‘Blood and Iron Policy’.
‘Customs Union’ was an organisation which supported German unification indirectly.
Bismark is known as ‘Iron Chancellor’.
Nazism in Germany
was a German form of
Fascism in Italy.
Adolf Hitler (1889-
1945) was the leader
of the Nazi Party in
Germany. He was
known as the Fuehrer
(Leader). Hittler was
born in Austria in
1889.
National Socialist German Workers Party founded
in 1920 was known as Nazi Party.
Nazi Party wanted the exclusion of Jews from
German citizenship.
The supporters of Nazi Party were known as Sturn
Abteilung or ‘Brown Shirts’.
Hitler became the head of Nazi Party in 1923.
Hitler wrote his autobiography ‘‘Mein Kampf’’
(My Struggle) while he was in Jail.
Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on 30
January 1933.
In 1935 under the Nuremberg Law German Jews
were deprived of their citizenship.
Hitler became the President of Germany in 1934
when Hindenburg died.
Secret Police force of Hitler was known as
‘Gustapo’.
Hitler committed suicide along with his wife Iva
Brown after the failure of Second World War in
1945.
Bismark is known as the father of German integration and Helmet Kohl is known as father of German Unity. It was under Helmet Kohl that two
Germanies united in 1991.
In 2005 Angela Merckel became the first woman
Titles Persons
Fuehrer ...................................... Adolf Hitler
II Duke .......................................... Mussolini
Lady with the Lamp ..... Florence Nightingale
Maid of Orleans ......................... Joan of Arc
Maiden Queen ............................. Elizabeth I
Man of Blood and Iron .................... Bismark
Man of Destinig Little Corporal .....Napolean
Chancellor of Germany.
In 2006 June Germany decided to open up a huge
archive of Nazi records on Concentration camp
inmates.
Second World War (1939-45)
The Treaty of Versailles and the rise of the Nazi
Party in Germany were the main causes of the
war.
The Soviet German Non Aggression Pact was
signed on August 23, 1939.
Hitler’s armies invaded Polland on 1 September
1939.
On 3 Septmber 1939 Britain and France declared
war on Germany, thus began the Second World
War.
The Second World War was between The Axis
Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, USA etc)
The German plan of conquering Britain during
the Second World War was known as ‘Sea -
Lion’.
German attack on Russia during the war was
known as ‘Operation Barbosa’
When the Second World War broke out, the US
announced her neutrality.
In 7 December 1941, the Japanese bombers attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbour in
Hawai.
On 8 December 1941 US declared war on Japan.
Thus US formally entered the Second World War
Second World War became a Global war in 1941.
The first Atom Bomb was dropped in Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945 by America. This bomb is
known as ‘Little boy’’.
The second Atom Bomb was dropped in Nagasaki
on August 9, 1945 it is known as ‘fat man’.
The first country to surrender in the war was Italy
and last to surrender was Japan.
On 2 September 1945 Japan surrendered and the
Second World War ended.
The Axis powers lost the Second World War. This
war led to the foundation of UNO in 1945.
The UN Charter was signed at San Francisco on
26th June 1945 by fifty nations and UN came into
force on 24 October 1945.
The Nuremberg Trials were the trials of the major
war criminals of the Second World War. It began
on November 20, 1945.
Big Powers and Cold War
The United States of America, the Soviet Union,
Britain, France and China were regarded as the
big powers since the end of the Second World
War (1945). Among them, the United States and
the Soviet Union were the Super Powers.
There was much co-operation among the Big Powers during the War. But later there aroused mutual suspicion among them and Cold War began.
The Cold War was a war of words or ideologies
and of nerves. This Cold War created great international tension. The Cold War was announced
by Winston Churchill in his famous ‘‘iron curtain’’ speech at Fulton, Missourie in 1946.
The word ‘Cold War’ was first coined by
Bernard Baruch 1946.
The years 1945-47 are generally taken to mark the
beginning of the Cold War.
The first ‘shot’ of Cold War was fired by Winston
Churchill.
The US decision to intervene in the Greek Civil
War may be considered as formally ushering in of
the Cold War.
Revolutions
American war of Independence.................... 1776
Russian Revolution ...................................... 1917
French Revolution ....................................... 1789
Chinese Revolution ...................................... 1911
Communist Revolution in China................... 1949
Industrial Revolution .......... 1750-1850 (England)
Green Revolution in India ............................ 1964
The biggest crisis of the early stage of Cold War
was the Berlin Blockade which began in 1948.
The formation of North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation (NATO) in April 1949 was one of
the most important aspects of Cold War.
In 1954 the US brought most of the South East
Asian Countries under a common framework modelled on NATO called SEATO.
The Arab states formed CENTO in 1955. (Central
Treaty Oganisation)
The Cold War continued upto the collapse of Soviet Union in 1990.
HOTLINE is a telecommunication link established
since 1963 between the Kremlin (Moscow) and
White House (Washington DC, USA) to avoid
misunderstanding. Now ‘hotline’ means a direct
exclusive line of communication especially for an
emergency.
Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed under the Soviet Union against NATO in 1955.
Now Russia is in a more or less stable condition
under the Presidentship of Vladimir Putin.
Middle East Conflict
Israel Palestine conflict is popularly called
Middle-East Conflict. The conflict became worse
by the formation of Israel in Palestine in 1948. In
the battle that occured in 1948, Israel came out
victorious.
Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) was
formed in 1964 to defeat Israel.
In the 1967 Arab-Israel battle which lasted for six
days, Israel came out victorious
The Israel - Palestine Peace Treaty was signed
in 1994 and PLO supremo sworn in as the head of
PalestineNational Authority.
The historic Israel-PLO agreement was signed in
Washington on September 28, 1995. River Wye
Agreement was signed by Israel and Palestine
for solving the crisis.
Golan Height was a place captured by Israel from
Cyria in 1967
West Bank : This place was captured by Israel
from Jordan. As per the peace treaty of 1994 the
administrative authority of this place was given
to Palestine National Authority.
Gaza Strip is in the Egypt. It was captured by
Israel in the 1967 battle and as per the treaty of
1994 it was handed over to Palestine National
Authority.
Sinai Peninsula : This place was also captured
from Egypt in the 1967 war and handed over to
Palestine in 1982.
The official name of Israel is Medinat Israel.
Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages of
Israel.
The conflict reached a turning point with the election (January 2005) of
Mahmud Abbas as the new
Palestinian leader following
the death of Yassar Arafat.
In 2006 July-August Israel
invaded Labanon and tried to
destroy the so called extremist organisation Hisbulla led
by Sheik Hassan Nasrulla.
The Hamas lead coalition
won the general election in Palestine. But the Israel and EU blocked their financial assistance to
this country. Now it is in great financial crisis.
LATIN AMERICAN NATIONALISM
Countries to the south of USA are collectively
called Latin America.
Mexico, Central America, South America and the
Islands of West Indies are the major parts of Latin
America.
There are altogether 46 countries in Latin
America. 33 independent nations and 13 dependent countries.
Brazil is the largest Latin American country in
area and Population.
Spanish is the most widely spoken language in
Latin America.
Guarani is the language of Indian origin spoken
in Paragua.
Quechua is the Indian language in Peru.
Aymara is the Indian language Spoken in Bolivia.
Christopher Columbus was the first European to
a reach Latin America.
Francisco De Miranda (1750-1816) was one of
the most important leaders of Latin America. He
fought for the liberation of Venezuela and came
out victorious in 1910 and it proclaimed its independence in 1911.
Simon Bolivor (1783-1830) worked for the liberation of Columbia, Venezuela, Equador, Peru and
Bolivia. He is considered as the father of their
nation by all these countries. He is known as the
‘Liberator’ or ‘the Washington of South’.
San Martin (1778 - 1850) another famous Latin
American leader worked for the liberation of Argentina, Chili and Peru.
Brazil got independence from Spain in 1822.
Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959.
Due to health reason Cuban
President Fidel Castro
transferred his power temporarily to his brother Raul
Castro in September 2006.
Panama got the Panama Canal from US in 1999.
Panama Canal was opened
in 1914. Panama Canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Soccer (Football) is the most important game of
Latin American countries.